Common Cough

What is Common Cough?

A common cough is a natural reflex that helps to clear the throat and airways of irritants, such as smoke, dust, or mucus. It is one of the most common symptoms experienced by individuals of all ages and can be caused by a variety of factors. While most coughs are temporary and harmless, they can be bothersome and disruptive to daily activities. Understanding the causes, types, and treatment options for a common cough can help individuals manage and alleviate this symptom.

There are two main types of cough – acute and chronic. An acute cough is typically short-lived and lasts for less than three weeks. It is commonly associated with respiratory infections, such as the common cold or flu, and tends to resolve on its own. On the other hand, a chronic cough is persistent and may last for more than eight weeks. It is often a symptom of an underlying medical condition, such as asthma, allergies, or acid reflux.

The symptoms and characteristics of a common cough can vary. It may be dry or productive, meaning it produces phlegm or mucus. A dry cough is often caused by irritation or inflammation in the throat, while a productive cough helps to clear excess mucus and can be a sign of an infection. Coughs can also be accompanied by other symptoms, such as sore throat, chest congestion, or shortness of breath.

What causes Common Cough?

A cough is a natural reflex that helps clear the airways of irritants, such as mucus or foreign particles, and prevent infection. However, it can sometimes become bothersome and persistent, causing discomfort and disrupting daily activities. It’s important to identify the underlying causes to determine the best treatment approach for each patient.

One common cause of a cough is respiratory tract infections, primarily viral infections like the common cold or influenza. These infections can inflame the lining of the airways, resulting in a cough that may be accompanied by symptoms like congestion, runny nose, and sore throat. The cough is often productive, producing phlegm or mucus.

Air pollution is another significant cause of cough, especially in urban areas with high levels of pollutants. Particulate matter, smoke, fumes, and chemicals present in the air can irritate the respiratory system, leading to a persistent cough. Smokers are particularly susceptible to developing a chronic cough due to the exposure to harmful substances in cigarette smoke.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can also be a culprit behind an ongoing cough. In this condition, stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. Some patients may experience a characteristic cough that worsens after eating or lying down. It’s essential to consider GERD when evaluating a patient with a persistent cough, particularly if other respiratory or allergic causes have been ruled out.

Allergic rhinitis, commonly known as hay fever, can manifest with symptoms like itching nose, sneezing, nasal congestion, and a persistent dry cough. Allergens such as pollen, pet dander, dust mites, or certain foods can trigger an immune response in susceptible individuals, resulting in the release of histamines and other chemicals. These substances cause inflammation and irritation in the respiratory passages, leading to a cough.

What precautions you should take for Common Cough?

First and foremost, maintaining good hygiene practices is crucial. Make sure to wash your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer when soap is not available. This practice helps to eliminate any viruses or bacteria that may be present on your hands and prevent their transmission to others.

When coughing or sneezing, it is essential to cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow, not your hands. This prevents the spread of infectious droplets into the air or onto surfaces that others may come into contact with. Dispose of used tissues properly and wash your hands afterwards to reduce the risk of spreading the infection.

Avoid close contact with individuals who have respiratory symptoms, such as coughing or sneezing, as well as those who are sick in general. Viruses responsible for common coughs are often transmitted through respiratory droplets that are released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. By maintaining distance, you reduce the chance of inhaling these contaminated droplets.

Furthermore, practicing respiratory etiquette can help prevent the spread of a common cough. This includes using tissues or your elbow to cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, as mentioned earlier. Additionally, avoid touching your face, especially your mouth, nose, and eyes, as this can introduce viruses into your system if you have come into contact with contaminated surfaces.

What are the main symptoms of Common Cough?

It is a reflex action triggered by irritants or excess mucus in the airways, and it serves the purpose of clearing them out of the throat and lungs. While a cough on its own is not usually a cause for concern, it can be quite bothersome and may interfere with your daily activities. Here are some of the main symptoms associated with a common cough:

Chest congestion: When you have a common cough, you may experience a feeling of tightness or pressure in your chest. This can be accompanied by difficulty breathing, especially when engaging in physical activities.

Phlegm production: A common cough frequently results in the production of phlegm, which is a thick, sticky mucus that can be white, yellow, or green in color. This can be an indication of an infection or inflammation in the respiratory tract.

Sore throat: A persistent cough can cause irritation and soreness in the throat, leading to discomfort and difficulty in swallowing. This symptom is commonly seen in individuals with a common cold or flu.

Hoarseness: If your voice becomes raspy or strained, it could be a result of the constant coughing irritating your vocal cords. Hoarseness is a common symptom seen in individuals with a common cough.

Postnasal drip: When excess mucus in the nasal passages drips down the back of the throat, it can trigger a cough. This is known as postnasal drip and is commonly seen in individuals with allergies or sinus infections.

Fatigue and sleep disturbances: A persistent cough can cause significant disruptions in your sleep, leaving you feeling tired and exhausted during the day. The constant coughing can also lead to muscle soreness and headaches.

How Common Cough is diagnosed?

Diagnosing the common cough involves a combination of clinical evaluation and medical tests. When you present with a cough, a medical professional will first conduct a thorough history-taking, asking you relevant questions about the nature of your cough, associated symptoms, and any triggers or exposures that may be contributing to your condition. This helps to gather necessary information to guide further investigation.

Next, a physical examination is performed. The doctor will listen to your chest and evaluate the quality of your cough. They may also examine your throat, nose, and lungs to check for any visible signs of infection or inflammation. Based on the history and physical examination findings, the doctor may be able to provide a preliminary diagnosis or identify potential causes such as a respiratory infection, allergies, or a chronic condition like asthma.

In some cases, additional tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis or rule out other underlying conditions. These can include chest X-rays to check for lung abnormalities, blood tests to assess for infection or other systemic factors, and spirometry to measure lung function. Other specialized tests, such as sputum cultures or allergy testing, may be recommended based on the suspected cause of the cough.

Diagnosing a common cough requires a comprehensive approach, taking into account both the patient’s history and physical examination. This helps to guide further investigations and ensure an accurate diagnosis, leading to appropriate treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve the patient’s quality of life.

What are some of the main medical treatments for Common Cough?

Cough is a common symptom seen in many respiratory infections. The main goal of treatment is to relieve the cough and address the underlying cause. Non-pharmacologic measures include staying hydrated, using a humidifier, and avoiding irritating substances like smoke or allergens. Over-the-counter cough suppressants and expectorants can help alleviate symptoms in some cases.

However, it’s important to read the labels and select appropriate medications based on the type of cough (productive or nonproductive). In certain situations, prescription medications like antitussives or antibiotics may be necessary. It’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional to determine the best course of treatment tailored to the individual’s specific needs.

Which supplements work best with Common Cough?

While there are numerous supplements available in the market, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation as every individual’s needs may vary. However, there are a few supplements that have shown some promising results in managing common cough.

vitamin C is one of the most well-known supplements and has been studied for its potential benefits in respiratory infections. Consuming foods rich in vitamin C or taking a supplement may help support the immune system and shorten the duration of a common cough.

Zinc is another supplement that has been studied for its antiviral properties. It may help reduce the severity and duration of common cough symptoms. However, it is important not to exceed the recommended dosage of zinc as high doses can have adverse effects.

probiotics, often referred to as good bacteria, are known for their benefits on gut health. Emerging research suggests that probiotics may play a role in improving immune function and reducing respiratory infections. Including a probiotic supplement or consuming probiotic-rich foods such as yogurt may be beneficial in supporting overall respiratory health.

Elderberry extract is a natural supplement that has gained popularity in recent years. It is believed to have antiviral properties and may help reduce the severity of common cough symptoms. However, more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness.

Frequently Asked Question on Common Cough

Q: What is a common cough?

A common cough, also known as acute cough, is a sudden and temporary reflex that helps clear the airways of irritants and mucus. It is usually caused by viral infections such as the common cold, flu, or bronchitis. Coughing can be a protective mechanism to prevent the entry of harmful substances into the lungs.

Q: How long does a common cough last?

The duration of a common cough can vary, but in general, it tends to resolve within 1 to 3 weeks. However, some coughs may persist for longer, particularly if the underlying cause is more serious, such as pneumonia or asthma. If your cough lasts for more than 3 weeks, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation.

Q: When should I see a doctor for a cough?

While most common coughs are harmless and resolve on their own, there are certain circumstances when you should consult a healthcare professional:

If your cough lasts for more than 3 weeks.

If you have a persistent or worsening cough accompanied by chest pain or difficulty breathing.

If you cough up blood or have blood in your phlegm.

If you experience unintentional weight loss, night sweats, or fever.

If your cough is associated with other concerning symptoms.

Q: Can a cough be a symptom of COVID-19?

Yes, a cough can be a symptom of COVID-19. Alongside fever and difficulty breathing, a cough is one of the most common symptoms of this viral respiratory illness. If you have been in close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case or have recently traveled to an area with active community transmission, it is important to monitor your symptoms and seek medical advice if you develop a cough.

Q: Can I prevent a common cough?

While it is not always possible to prevent a common cough, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

Avoid close contact with people who are sick, and if you are sick, stay home to prevent spreading the infection.

Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when coughing or sneezing.

Keep your immune system strong by eating a balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and managing stress.

Consider getting vaccinated to protect against certain respiratory infections, such as influenza.

Dt. Mary Ahern

MS, RD

Dietitian

Mary Ahern, MS, RD is a registered dietitian and health writer who is passionate about plant-based nutrition and achieving better health by balancing time between the kitchen and the gym. Currently she's pursuing PhD from University of Arizona